BlackRock chair and CEO Laurence Fink on January 16 released his annual letter to CEOs outlining a bold vision linking the prosperity of companies to their ability to deliver both financial performance and positive contributions to society.
Entitled A Sense of Purpose, the letter highlights BlackRock’s increasingly active approach to shareholder engagement, its view that boards are central in the oversight of companies’ long-term strategic direction, and what Fink believes is a connection between companies’ management of ESG risk factors and long-term value creation.
The letter is yet another signal of a fundamental shift in the thinking of mainstream asset managers on matters that some have historically viewed as non-economic. As pressure rises on large asset managers around how they are ‘overseeing’ companies in their portfolios, these social and environmental matters are increasingly being touted as key to value creation and long-term sustainability.
The forward-leaning position on corporate responsibility taken in the letter is an indicator of how shifting asset owner expectations are being integrated into asset managers’ behavior. For companies, this shift has created a new set of expectations – and the potential for greater scrutiny – from investors that may continue to grow for years to come.
KEY THEMES
This year’s letter reiterated a number of themes from previous years’ communications and expanded on ways BlackRock expects companies to enhance long-term shareholder value:
ESG topics and the importance of board diversity
Fink’s letter highlights BlackRock’s belief that management of ESG matters is essential to sustainable growth. In BlackRock’s view, exercising oversight of these and other emerging challenges to long-term value creation is the purview of the board, which Fink emphasizes should include a diversity of gender, ethnicities, experience and ways of thinking.
Companies should expect BlackRock – and, with time, other large institutional investors – to invest more time in understanding companies’ management of risk related to their broader impact on communities, society and the environment. This likely means growing support for shareholder proposals on these topics and more pressure on boards to demonstrate that they are acting on these issues.
Shareholder engagement
Citing the need to be ‘active, engaged agents on behalf of the clients invested with BlackRock’, the letter calls for a new model of shareholder engagement that includes year-round conversations about ways to improve long-term value.
Although Fink notes that BlackRock has committed significant resources to enhancing its own investment stewardship efforts over the past few years, he writes that ‘the growth of indexing demands that we now take this function to a new level.’
BlackRock intends to double the size of its roughly 30-member investment stewardship team to at least 60 members over the next three years, and the team’s work will now be overseen by Barbara Novick, vice chair and a co-founder of BlackRock, who also oversees government relations and public policy. This likely means the stewardship team at the firm will have more bandwidth to subject portfolio companies to closer scrutiny and engage more extensively on issues of concern.
Communicating and overseeing corporate strategy
Returning to a common theme from previous communications, this year’s letter touches on the importance of the board in helping companies articulate a strategic framework for long-term value creation. Although the average number of hours dedicated by board members to their roles has risen in recent years, Fink continues to raise the bar, pointing out that directors ‘whose knowledge is derived only from sporadic meetings are not fulfilling their duty to shareholders.’
This year’s letter provides a list of questions BlackRock believes companies (that is, boards and management) should be asking to ensure they are in position to sustain long-term performance. These questions explicitly include the societal impact of business as well as ways that broad, structural changes such as economic conditions, automation and climate change affect the potential for growth.
Engaging on activism
Fink writes that a ‘central reason for the rise of activism – and wasteful proxy fights – is that companies have not been explicit enough about their long-term strategies.’ He points, as an example, to recently passed tax reform and its potential for increased after-tax cash flow as one way activists may target companies that do not effectively communicate their long-term strategy.
Fink encourages companies to engage with investors and other critical stakeholders early in the process when activists offer ‘valuable ideas – which is more often than some detractors suggest,’ an observation consistent with BlackRock’s selective support for activists in proxy fights.
The letter also notes that Fink believes companies miss opportunities for meaningful dialogue when their conversations with investors begin after a proxy proposal has been filed rather than in a continuing and pre-emptive manner well in advance of an activist challenge.
TAKEAWAYS FOR ISSUERS
The letter represents a significant evolution of BlackRock’s public views on the responsibility of companies and boards to actively manage the societal impacts of their business to the benefit of all stakeholders. Fink asserts that the goal of asset owners is not only to enhance their investment returns, but also to see the private sector address social challenges that will ensure the ‘prosperity and security’ of their fellow citizens.
BlackRock is not alone in making this philosophical shift. The past several months have provided examples of how this new dynamic is shaping voting and investment decisions. Last summer, for example, climate risk disclosure resolutions passed at major energy companies for the first time. In November, State Street Global Advisors disclosed that it had voted against directors at 400 companies that it believed had not made efforts to increase board diversity.
JANA and ValueAct Capital have recently established funds to target companies on corporate responsibility topics. In addition, long-only portfolio managers and sell-side research analysts are increasingly incorporating ESG factors into their investment screening and rating criteria, respectively.
The effects of this changing landscape are likely already being felt by corporate governance teams and investor relations officers (IROs), the latter of which will increasingly be called upon to engage with investors on subject matter that extends beyond their traditional mandate.
As investors more closely analyze ESG data and information, IROs should expect that they will need to devote time to articulating their company’s story through disclosure and during meetings. The additional resources dedicated by large passive investors toward engagement will provide governance teams at small and mid-cap companies with more opportunities to secure meetings, but also bring closer scrutiny.
To stay ahead of the issues raised in Fink’s letter, corporate governance and IR teams should consider:
- Building a practice of year-round continuing engagement on governance and sustainability matters with their top investors to stay ahead of activism and be on the front foot with investors when faced with a challenge
- Deepening their knowledge of the ESG issues that are becoming ‘mainstream’ among investors of all types
- Explaining the board’s process in guiding long-term strategy development and overseeing the role of the company in society and in discussions with investors
- Introducing investors to a variety of members of the management team and, on occasion, to one or more board members to build relationships and trust over time across the leadership of the business
- Disclosing how directors are cultivating knowledge of the company outside the scope of the formal board meeting construct in order to fulfill their mandate to protect the long-term interests of investors.
Abe M Friedman is CEO of CamberView Partners. Krystal Gaboury Berrini, Christopher Wightman and Robert Zivnuska are partners at the firm.
