article
IR Magazine has released its second report into how Covid-19 has affected investor relations. It revisits the subject one...Read more
Staff Writers
The staff writers on IR magazine are from our team of highly experienced journalists.
Latest articles
article
The Investor Perception Study – Europe 2021 looks at the current leading companies and individuals for IR in Europe as voted...Read more
November 2009
article
IR is not simply a subdivision of PR. ‘It requires a different range of skills, especially a keen awareness of financial issues and...Read more
article
CA ’s IR principal, Carol Lu, notes that IROs need to bear in mind investment cycles and changes within a company when dealing with...Read more
article
‘Although the internet allows for rapid, concise contact with stakeholders, the personal touch of face-to-face contact is as important...Read more
article
In part one they discuss: -IR team structure -What has been the biggest change in IR during your career? Consolidated Edison is an...Read more
article
In part two they discuss: -Impact of the credit crunch (2007) -IR in the financial crisis (2008-2009) Consolidated Edison is an energy...Read more
article
In part three they discuss: -The sell side and corporate access -Budget cutting: doing more with less -Measuring success Consolidated...Read more
article
Communicating 1. Twitter Many companies are using Twitter to give a heads-up about press releases...Read more
October 2009
article
Understand your management team’s objectives for the IR department, and how this can dovetail with wider company strategy, says Linda...Read more
article
Take a strategic approach, says Tim Harrod, IR manager for PotashCorp , because IROs need breadth and depth of thinking to achieve...Read more
article
Early immersion in a company, its products and its operations is essential, and over time will establish the credibility of an IRO,...Read more
September 2009
article
Buy and sell side after the crisis Sell-side woes ‘No one wants to be an analyst any more. In terms of the sell side, no one new is...Read more
July 2009
article
Crocker Coulson, president and founder, CCG Investor Relations ‘Some of the key factors behind great IR run counter...Read more
June 2009
article
Few IR teams put on a better roadshow than the ‘two Davids’ of Toronto-based Agnico-Eagle Mines. At the IR Magazine Canada Awards 2009...Read more
article
CIRI June 14-16, Fairmont Empress, Victoria, BC Who’s who Not only does CIRI...Read more
article
Disclosure: the new concept of ‘fair’ Guidance in the financial crisis ‘In this environment,...Read more
March 2009
article
By using an active IR website, including live meetings that act as a direct channel between the company and its investors, Microsoft...Read more
article
IR needs to be integrated with PR, says Robert Durstenfeld, RAE Systems ' senior director of corporate marketing. A joined-up...Read more
article
Steve Austenfeld, vice president of IR at the Clorox Company , advocates the use of a variety of sources to monitor market chatter...Read more
article
Social media allow for a broader proliferation of communications strategy, says Ruth Cotter, AMD ’s director of IR. They provide...Read more
article
Begin by getting to know the company, shareholder and analyst base, and establishing key relationships up front, suggests Shirley...Read more
article
First, take a look at how peers, your customers and suppliers do their reporting, and learn from their approaches, says John Nunziati...Read more
article
Be proactive in reaching out to shareholders and sell-siders, says Lisa Chiorello, IR manager of Juniper Networks . Sound reporting is...Read more
article
Investor relations is first and foremost a well-rounded function, says Barry Hutton, senior director of IR at UTStarcom . It requires...Read more
January 2009
article
IR in tough times Balancing act ‘In the current market conditions, the balance sheet is crucial. The impact that mark-to-market and...Read more
November 2008
article
In a bear market, companies must engage all current and potential shareholders, says Cynthia Alers, director of investor relations at...Read more
article
Gary Rawlinson, head of investor relations at Galiform , advises IROs to be proactive in reaching out to the investment community. On...Read more
article
Stora Enso takes a proactive approach to the use of webcasts and conference calls, says Keith Russell, senior vice president of...Read more
article
With a proliferation of data feeds over the last 10 years, it is more important than ever for IROs to get the most detailed...Read more
article
Keep things as simple as possible, advises Keith Russell, senior vice president of investor relations at Stora Enso . What analysts...Read more
article
IROs require a fundamental knowledge of their company, according to Scott Fulton, associate director of investor relations at Just...Read more
article
Understand the nature and dynamics of the business, says Gary Rawlinson, head of investor relations at Galiform . Establish working...Read more
article
Don’t be discouraged by unpromising economic news, says Bernie Kilkelly, vice president of investor relations at Delphi Financial...Read more
article
First, new IR professionals should join their national IR association, says Jeff Morgan, CEO of NIRI, as this should provide a broad...Read more
article
IROs should clearly define their objectives and then formulate a strategy to achieve them, says Mark Barnett, vice president of...Read more
article
Although large shareholders are important, IROs must make an effort to be in touch with all current and potential shareholders, says...Read more
article
IROs need to build relationships with all their investors, not just the large ones, says Raj Mehan, director of investor relations at...Read more
article
Podcasts and videos offer a more personal medium of communication that reaches a wider audience, says Ken Brause, executive vice...Read more
article
It is important for companies that only the right information about their products and activities is out on the market, according to...Read more
article
Although it is important to engage bloggers as part of an organization’s communication strategy after issuing earnings releases, in a...Read more
article
New York Community Bancorp has increased its reliance on electronic communication with investors, which has resulted in annual report...Read more
June 2008
article
Who owns your shares? The market intelligence experts ‘Over the last few years there has been a crescendo in trading. A certain amount...Read more
February 2008
article
The big surprise at the annual IR Magazine China Awards in Shanghai in December was China Merchants Bank. With six awards, the bank...Read more
January 2008
article
Monitoring investor sentiment The IROs ‘I have become a huge fan of the investor perception study (IPS) and would highly advocate...Read more
October 2007
article
Q : How can companies maintain a high level of investor interest after they list? A : Since Scott...Read more
article
Alec Harrell, CFA, portfolio manager, Northern Trust Investments, West Palm Beach, FL. Harrell was previously at...Read more
June 2007
article
It must be handy having God on your side, especially when taking on a large corporate – but that’s exactly what the Interfaith Center...Read more
article
Handling IR for a Canadian income trust is not an enviable position these days. The sector is down around 20 percent and trusts are...Read more
article
As 2007 began, Take-Two Interactive Software faced years of restated financials, a stock options backdating scandal with a criminal...Read more
article
Best for basics Sunday is a great day for basic conversations about IR and boning up on skills. Newcomers have a choice of eight...Read more
article
Why should a company have a thorough corporate social responsibility (CSR) program? CB: It is part of our corporate responsibility (CR...Read more
May 2007
article
The creation of optional good governance segments for companies listed on Brazil's Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) has transformed...Read more
article
Aim, London’s junior market, is one of the world’s most globalized markets but recently hit the headlines for all the wrong reasons...Read more
article
Since succeeding Julie Cunningham as vice president of IR at Qualcomm in 2003, Bill Davidson has gained a second title: vice president...Read more
article
Rising oil prices have brought increasing sums of cash flooding into the Middle East. Conscious that oil supplies will not last...Read more
article
IROs exhausted by the grind of investor and analyst days or even more labor-intensive one-on-one meetings might wish to know there is...Read more
article
A once-troubled biotech industry appears finally to be growing up. Back in 2001-2002 the idea was unthinkable: biotech values had...Read more
article
Why Even with the myriad ways to tell an investment story, the published annual report is still a company’s most...Read more
April 2007
article
Web-based targeting technology can serve multiple functions, from identifying current shareholders and targeting new ones to managing...Read more
article
When Wrigley filed its 2007 proxy statement in February, it included one of the first examples of the new summary compensation table...Read more
article
Paul Blalock has his morning reading: the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times, of course. But, just as importantly, the senior...Read more
article
Mention the words ‘tax accounting change’ and you’re guaranteed a lukewarm response. Tax is one of the most complex and least...Read more
article
Blending both value and growth has helped Jenny Jones dish out some pretty impressive yearly returns. Since she took over in 2003, the...Read more
August 2006
article
Matt Carpenter, director of Citigroup Investment Research Americas, participated in the IR Magazine West Coast Think Tank in Palo Alto...Read more
June 2006
article
On March 2, IR magazine hosted its first West Coast Think Tank for 40 senior investor relations officers. Off the record and...Read more
April 2006
article
The stock transfer agency market is continuing to witness significant change. Fewer players, the introduction of new technology and...Read more
March 2006
article
Morgan Molthrop was vice president of IR at California-based Infonet Services Corp, which was bought by British Telecom in March...Read more
article
Alan Torry is one of London’s most experienced fund managers, having been on the buy side since 1972. Today he’s head of technology...Read more
December 2005
article
THE BEST Green is green From the best to even better, this year General Electric was all about 'virtue'. In May GE...Read more
September 2004
article
Board transparency As an IR person working for a small-cap company, I wear many hats and lately I have been asked to take a more...Read more
article
Rio de Janeiro Being a player in the global mining industry and based in a non-investment grade jurisdiction like Brazil makes...Read more
May 2004
article
Shareholder activism is in fashion this spring. In the wake of Roy Disney and Stanley Gold's 'vote no' campaign against Disney's...Read more
article
Dear readers, Enbridge has enjoyed success in attracting long-term investors - and we are looking for more. We tend to find them one...Read more
article
The International Investor Relations Federation (IIRF) has started the series of national meetings, called for by its members at last...Read more
article
Consultants vs brokers Your recent article on roadshows in the February 2004 issue ( The show must go on ) raised some important...Read more
April 2004
article
In developing an internationally diverse shareholder base, you must first understand the investor’s perspective. The investor has two...Read more
article
Delaware Chancery Court judge Leo Strine’s decision to ban Conrad Black’s sale of his Hollinger Inc assets to the Barclay brothers is...Read more
March 2004
article
Sometimes it feels like we’re going in circles and anything we try to change gets lost in the rhetoric that inevitably surrounds the...Read more
February 2004
article
Should regulators be responsible for verifying the truth of financial statements? Italian regulator Consob thinks not. That's what the...Read more
January 2004
article
When the Dow Jones soared briefly above 10,000 on December 9, there was an instantaneous flashback - this was, after all, a high not...Read more
December 2003
article
The average annual compensation package for IR professionals in large-cap companies was $185,100 in 2002, according to a recent...Read more
article
It was a fitting atmosphere for this year's Eurozone awards. The Palais Brongniart, former home to the Paris Bourse, was built in the...Read more
November 2003
article
The financial world is a hotbed of intrigue these days with everyone from mutual funds to heads of exchanges getting punished for...Read more
article
Dear Readers, Our commitment to deliver value to shareholders rests on a clear recognition that, as a public company, we are stewards...Read more
October 2003
article
All of us, whether we admit it or not, are fascinated by taboo subjects like sex and death. Just look at the cult status of hit HBO TV...Read more
September 2003
article
This month the world's biggest retailer will find out whether it is to face the world's biggest sexual discrimination suit. If the...Read more
article
Dear Readers, In my view, the primary goal of IR is to paint a picture of what the future of JetBlue will be and then explain how we...Read more
August 2003
article
'There's still a long way to go on the IR journey in South Africa, but over the last two to three years the distance traveled has been...Read more
July 2003
article
There is a large hat conspicuously on the table as CTN's managing director, Stephen Watson, presents the results of our third annual...Read more
article
The mainstream business press is missing a good opportunity when it stays away from investor relations conferences. Here's where you...Read more
June 2003
article
Just when things seemed to be settling down a bit, along came Ahold and HealthSouth with yet more off-the-charts financial scandals to...Read more
article
Q: Dear fashion doctor, My company is in deep trouble, and layoffs are ahead. I was thinking of dressing in camouflage so the...Read more
May 2003
article
Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. This month we're celebrating the tenth anniversary of Cross-Border Publishing and the...Read more
April 2003
article
'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.' So far this year, it seems only the latter is true. With talk of war ringing in...Read more
March 2003
article
Prolonged economic and political uncertainty is having a weird effect on investors. Whether it's the prospect of war or just abysmal...Read more
February 2003
article
'Death to dividends,' we vowed in 1998. Boy were we wrong. President Bush's proposal to end double-taxation of dividends could bring...Read more
article
Q. We deal in security software so our customers tend to keep a low profile. How do we build recognition in the investment world...Read more
January 2003
article
To be perfectly fair, when people think of Asian markets, excellence in the fields of investor relations, corporate governance and...Read more
article
In 2002, new standards of corporate governance were legislated by the US Congress and made into rules by the SEC. In 2003, companies...Read more
December 2002
article
Analysts read cash flow statements. Analysts listen to conference calls. Analysts use earnings statements to make paper airplanes...Read more
article
Q. With traditional valuation techniques arguably meaningless right now, there seems to be a greater focus on management credibility...Read more
November 2009
article
IR is not simply a subdivision of PR. ‘It requires a different range of skills, especially a keen awareness of financial issues and...Read more
article
CA ’s IR principal, Carol Lu, notes that IROs need to bear in mind investment cycles and changes within a company when dealing with...Read more
article
‘Although the internet allows for rapid, concise contact with stakeholders, the personal touch of face-to-face contact is as important...Read more
article
In part one they discuss: -IR team structure -What has been the biggest change in IR during your career? Consolidated Edison is an...Read more
article
In part two they discuss: -Impact of the credit crunch (2007) -IR in the financial crisis (2008-2009) Consolidated Edison is an energy...Read more
article
In part three they discuss: -The sell side and corporate access -Budget cutting: doing more with less -Measuring success Consolidated...Read more
article
Communicating 1. Twitter Many companies are using Twitter to give a heads-up about press releases...Read more
October 2009
article
Understand your management team’s objectives for the IR department, and how this can dovetail with wider company strategy, says Linda...Read more
article
Take a strategic approach, says Tim Harrod, IR manager for PotashCorp , because IROs need breadth and depth of thinking to achieve...Read more
article
Early immersion in a company, its products and its operations is essential, and over time will establish the credibility of an IRO,...Read more
September 2009
article
Buy and sell side after the crisis Sell-side woes ‘No one wants to be an analyst any more. In terms of the sell side, no one new is...Read more
July 2009
article
Crocker Coulson, president and founder, CCG Investor Relations ‘Some of the key factors behind great IR run counter...Read more
June 2009
article
Few IR teams put on a better roadshow than the ‘two Davids’ of Toronto-based Agnico-Eagle Mines. At the IR Magazine Canada Awards 2009...Read more
article
CIRI June 14-16, Fairmont Empress, Victoria, BC Who’s who Not only does CIRI...Read more
article
Disclosure: the new concept of ‘fair’ Guidance in the financial crisis ‘In this environment,...Read more
March 2009
article
By using an active IR website, including live meetings that act as a direct channel between the company and its investors, Microsoft...Read more
article
IR needs to be integrated with PR, says Robert Durstenfeld, RAE Systems ' senior director of corporate marketing. A joined-up...Read more
article
Steve Austenfeld, vice president of IR at the Clorox Company , advocates the use of a variety of sources to monitor market chatter...Read more
article
Social media allow for a broader proliferation of communications strategy, says Ruth Cotter, AMD ’s director of IR. They provide...Read more
article
Begin by getting to know the company, shareholder and analyst base, and establishing key relationships up front, suggests Shirley...Read more
article
First, take a look at how peers, your customers and suppliers do their reporting, and learn from their approaches, says John Nunziati...Read more
article
Be proactive in reaching out to shareholders and sell-siders, says Lisa Chiorello, IR manager of Juniper Networks . Sound reporting is...Read more
article
Investor relations is first and foremost a well-rounded function, says Barry Hutton, senior director of IR at UTStarcom . It requires...Read more
January 2009
article
IR in tough times Balancing act ‘In the current market conditions, the balance sheet is crucial. The impact that mark-to-market and...Read more
November 2008
article
In a bear market, companies must engage all current and potential shareholders, says Cynthia Alers, director of investor relations at...Read more
article
Gary Rawlinson, head of investor relations at Galiform , advises IROs to be proactive in reaching out to the investment community. On...Read more
article
Stora Enso takes a proactive approach to the use of webcasts and conference calls, says Keith Russell, senior vice president of...Read more
article
With a proliferation of data feeds over the last 10 years, it is more important than ever for IROs to get the most detailed...Read more
article
Keep things as simple as possible, advises Keith Russell, senior vice president of investor relations at Stora Enso . What analysts...Read more
article
IROs require a fundamental knowledge of their company, according to Scott Fulton, associate director of investor relations at Just...Read more
article
Understand the nature and dynamics of the business, says Gary Rawlinson, head of investor relations at Galiform . Establish working...Read more
article
Don’t be discouraged by unpromising economic news, says Bernie Kilkelly, vice president of investor relations at Delphi Financial...Read more
article
First, new IR professionals should join their national IR association, says Jeff Morgan, CEO of NIRI, as this should provide a broad...Read more
article
IROs should clearly define their objectives and then formulate a strategy to achieve them, says Mark Barnett, vice president of...Read more
article
Although large shareholders are important, IROs must make an effort to be in touch with all current and potential shareholders, says...Read more
article
IROs need to build relationships with all their investors, not just the large ones, says Raj Mehan, director of investor relations at...Read more
article
Podcasts and videos offer a more personal medium of communication that reaches a wider audience, says Ken Brause, executive vice...Read more
article
It is important for companies that only the right information about their products and activities is out on the market, according to...Read more
article
Although it is important to engage bloggers as part of an organization’s communication strategy after issuing earnings releases, in a...Read more
article
New York Community Bancorp has increased its reliance on electronic communication with investors, which has resulted in annual report...Read more
June 2008
article
Who owns your shares? The market intelligence experts ‘Over the last few years there has been a crescendo in trading. A certain amount...Read more
February 2008
article
The big surprise at the annual IR Magazine China Awards in Shanghai in December was China Merchants Bank. With six awards, the bank...Read more
January 2008
article
Monitoring investor sentiment The IROs ‘I have become a huge fan of the investor perception study (IPS) and would highly advocate...Read more
October 2007
article
Q : How can companies maintain a high level of investor interest after they list? A : Since Scott...Read more
article
Alec Harrell, CFA, portfolio manager, Northern Trust Investments, West Palm Beach, FL. Harrell was previously at...Read more
June 2007
article
It must be handy having God on your side, especially when taking on a large corporate – but that’s exactly what the Interfaith Center...Read more
article
Handling IR for a Canadian income trust is not an enviable position these days. The sector is down around 20 percent and trusts are...Read more
article
As 2007 began, Take-Two Interactive Software faced years of restated financials, a stock options backdating scandal with a criminal...Read more
article
Best for basics Sunday is a great day for basic conversations about IR and boning up on skills. Newcomers have a choice of eight...Read more
article
Why should a company have a thorough corporate social responsibility (CSR) program? CB: It is part of our corporate responsibility (CR...Read more
May 2007
article
The creation of optional good governance segments for companies listed on Brazil's Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) has transformed...Read more
article
Aim, London’s junior market, is one of the world’s most globalized markets but recently hit the headlines for all the wrong reasons...Read more
article
Since succeeding Julie Cunningham as vice president of IR at Qualcomm in 2003, Bill Davidson has gained a second title: vice president...Read more
article
Rising oil prices have brought increasing sums of cash flooding into the Middle East. Conscious that oil supplies will not last...Read more
article
IROs exhausted by the grind of investor and analyst days or even more labor-intensive one-on-one meetings might wish to know there is...Read more
article
A once-troubled biotech industry appears finally to be growing up. Back in 2001-2002 the idea was unthinkable: biotech values had...Read more
article
Why Even with the myriad ways to tell an investment story, the published annual report is still a company’s most...Read more
April 2007
article
Web-based targeting technology can serve multiple functions, from identifying current shareholders and targeting new ones to managing...Read more
article
When Wrigley filed its 2007 proxy statement in February, it included one of the first examples of the new summary compensation table...Read more
article
Paul Blalock has his morning reading: the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times, of course. But, just as importantly, the senior...Read more
article
Mention the words ‘tax accounting change’ and you’re guaranteed a lukewarm response. Tax is one of the most complex and least...Read more
article
Blending both value and growth has helped Jenny Jones dish out some pretty impressive yearly returns. Since she took over in 2003, the...Read more
August 2006
article
Matt Carpenter, director of Citigroup Investment Research Americas, participated in the IR Magazine West Coast Think Tank in Palo Alto...Read more
June 2006
article
On March 2, IR magazine hosted its first West Coast Think Tank for 40 senior investor relations officers. Off the record and...Read more
April 2006
article
The stock transfer agency market is continuing to witness significant change. Fewer players, the introduction of new technology and...Read more
March 2006
article
Morgan Molthrop was vice president of IR at California-based Infonet Services Corp, which was bought by British Telecom in March...Read more
article
Alan Torry is one of London’s most experienced fund managers, having been on the buy side since 1972. Today he’s head of technology...Read more
December 2005
article
THE BEST Green is green From the best to even better, this year General Electric was all about 'virtue'. In May GE...Read more
September 2004
article
Board transparency As an IR person working for a small-cap company, I wear many hats and lately I have been asked to take a more...Read more
article
Rio de Janeiro Being a player in the global mining industry and based in a non-investment grade jurisdiction like Brazil makes...Read more
May 2004
article
Shareholder activism is in fashion this spring. In the wake of Roy Disney and Stanley Gold's 'vote no' campaign against Disney's...Read more
article
Dear readers, Enbridge has enjoyed success in attracting long-term investors - and we are looking for more. We tend to find them one...Read more
article
The International Investor Relations Federation (IIRF) has started the series of national meetings, called for by its members at last...Read more
article
Consultants vs brokers Your recent article on roadshows in the February 2004 issue ( The show must go on ) raised some important...Read more
April 2004
article
In developing an internationally diverse shareholder base, you must first understand the investor’s perspective. The investor has two...Read more
article
Delaware Chancery Court judge Leo Strine’s decision to ban Conrad Black’s sale of his Hollinger Inc assets to the Barclay brothers is...Read more
March 2004
article
Sometimes it feels like we’re going in circles and anything we try to change gets lost in the rhetoric that inevitably surrounds the...Read more
February 2004
article
Should regulators be responsible for verifying the truth of financial statements? Italian regulator Consob thinks not. That's what the...Read more
January 2004
article
When the Dow Jones soared briefly above 10,000 on December 9, there was an instantaneous flashback - this was, after all, a high not...Read more
December 2003
article
The average annual compensation package for IR professionals in large-cap companies was $185,100 in 2002, according to a recent...Read more
article
It was a fitting atmosphere for this year's Eurozone awards. The Palais Brongniart, former home to the Paris Bourse, was built in the...Read more
November 2003
article
The financial world is a hotbed of intrigue these days with everyone from mutual funds to heads of exchanges getting punished for...Read more
article
Dear Readers, Our commitment to deliver value to shareholders rests on a clear recognition that, as a public company, we are stewards...Read more
October 2003
article
All of us, whether we admit it or not, are fascinated by taboo subjects like sex and death. Just look at the cult status of hit HBO TV...Read more
September 2003
article
This month the world's biggest retailer will find out whether it is to face the world's biggest sexual discrimination suit. If the...Read more
article
Dear Readers, In my view, the primary goal of IR is to paint a picture of what the future of JetBlue will be and then explain how we...Read more
August 2003
article
'There's still a long way to go on the IR journey in South Africa, but over the last two to three years the distance traveled has been...Read more
July 2003
article
There is a large hat conspicuously on the table as CTN's managing director, Stephen Watson, presents the results of our third annual...Read more
article
The mainstream business press is missing a good opportunity when it stays away from investor relations conferences. Here's where you...Read more
June 2003
article
Just when things seemed to be settling down a bit, along came Ahold and HealthSouth with yet more off-the-charts financial scandals to...Read more
article
Q: Dear fashion doctor, My company is in deep trouble, and layoffs are ahead. I was thinking of dressing in camouflage so the...Read more
May 2003
article
Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. This month we're celebrating the tenth anniversary of Cross-Border Publishing and the...Read more
April 2003
article
'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.' So far this year, it seems only the latter is true. With talk of war ringing in...Read more
March 2003
article
Prolonged economic and political uncertainty is having a weird effect on investors. Whether it's the prospect of war or just abysmal...Read more
February 2003
article
'Death to dividends,' we vowed in 1998. Boy were we wrong. President Bush's proposal to end double-taxation of dividends could bring...Read more
article
Q. We deal in security software so our customers tend to keep a low profile. How do we build recognition in the investment world...Read more
January 2003
article
To be perfectly fair, when people think of Asian markets, excellence in the fields of investor relations, corporate governance and...Read more
article
In 2002, new standards of corporate governance were legislated by the US Congress and made into rules by the SEC. In 2003, companies...Read more
December 2002
article
Analysts read cash flow statements. Analysts listen to conference calls. Analysts use earnings statements to make paper airplanes...Read more
article
Q. With traditional valuation techniques arguably meaningless right now, there seems to be a greater focus on management credibility...Read more
